Trigeminal Neuralgia- Let’s Know its causes, Symptoms, and Treatment
Trigeminal Neuralgia, also known as Tic Douloureux, is a chronic pain condition that affects the trigeminal nerve, the main nerve responsible for facial sensation. The discomfort is sometimes referred to be the worst facial ache, ranging from mild to severe. It causes sudden, intense, electric shock-like, or stabbing pain. Speaking, eating, and touching the face can all provoke the syndrome. The discomfort commonly occurs in the jaw, lips, gums, or face. However, it can also occur in other parts of the face and last anywhere from a few seconds to several minutes, once or numerous times daily.
Causes of Trigeminal Neuralgia
The specific cause of trigeminal neuralgia remains uncertain. It can be caused by an aberrant blood vessel loop pressing on the trigeminal nerve, or by a tumour or other growth pressing on the nerve. It can arise as a result of facial trauma, stroke, dental treatments, multiple sclerosis, or facial or head injuries.
Symptoms Associated with Trigeminal Neuralgia
Trigeminal neuralgia is characterized by abrupt, intense, electric shock-like pain in one or more branches of the trigeminal nerve (the fifth cranial nerve). The pain could be in the forehead, cheek, lower jaw, or gums. The agony could last anywhere from a few seconds to several minutes.
Other Symptoms of Trigeminal Neuralgia
- Aching, burning, or stabbing sensation.
- Tingling or numbness in the face.
- Pain on one side of the face.
- Headache or migraine-like symptoms.
- Pain that is worse with cold temperatures or exposure to wind.
- Pain is triggered by touching the face, eating, talking, or brushing teeth.
Diagnosing & Treatment of Trigeminal Neuralgia
- Diagnosis
The diagnosis is based on the type of pain, location, severity, and activities that may trigger this condition. The doctor may order an MRI to confirm the diagnosis.
- Disease Management
The standard approach to treating trigeminal neuralgia is to start Medical Management with medications that can help reduce the pain intensity and frequency and prevent it from relapse. This often includes medications like carbamazepine, a type of anticonvulsant that is effective at reducing pain. Other medications that can be prescribed include baclofen, gabapentin, lamotrigine, pregabalin, and lamotrigine.
- Surgery Options
In cases where medication is not giving the desired results, surgery may be recommended. To minimize pain and relieve pressure on the trigeminal nerve, Microvascular decompression, radiofrequency rhizotomy, and gamma knife radiosurgery procedures may be recommended.
- Other Treatment Options
Nerve blocks are another possible therapy option for trigeminal neuralgia. Nerve blocks can help prevent pain signals from reaching the brain. These treatments include percutaneous glycerol rhizolysis and balloon compression of the Gasserian Ganglion. Acupuncture, massage, and biofeedback may also be prescribed to alleviate the discomfort caused by trigeminal neuralgia.
However, it's vital to work with a doctor and find the right treatment plan for your specific situation. Trigeminal neuralgia can be a challenging condition to manage, but with the right combination of medications and other treatments, it is possible to control the pain and improve your quality of life.